1828 Noah Webster

Join - JOIN, v.t. [L. jungo, jungere; jungo for jugo, jugum; Eng. yoke; Gr. a yoke, and a pair, to join.] 1. To set or bring one thing in contiguity with another. Woe to them that join house to house, that lay field to field. Isa 5. 2. To couple; to connect; to combine; as, to join ideas. 3. To unite in league or marriage. Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in abundance, and joined affinity with Ahab. 2 Chr 18. What God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Mat 19. 4. To associate. Go near and join thyself to this chariot. Acts 8. 5. To unite in any act. Thy tuneful voice with numbers join. 6. To unite in concord. But that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind, and in the same judgment. 1 Cor 1. The phrase, to join battle, is probably elliptical, for join in battle; or it is borrowed from the Latin, committere proelium, to send together the battle. In general, join signifies to unite two entire things without breach or intermixture, by contact or contiguity, either temporary or permanent. It differs from connect, which signifies properly, to unite by an intermediate substance. But join, unite, and connect are often used synonymously. JOIN, v.i. To grow to; to adhere. The place where two bones of the body join, is called a joint or articulation. 1. To be contiguous, close or in contact; as when two houses join. 2. To unite with in marriage, league, confederacy, partnership or society. Russia and Austria joined in opposition to Buonaparte's ambitious views. Men join in great undertakings, and in companies for trade or manufacture. They join in entertainments and amusements. They join in benevolent associations. It is often followed by with. Any other may join with him that is injured, and assist him in recovering satisfaction. Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations? Ezra 9.

Jot - JOT, n. [ Heb. yod.] An iota; a point; a tittle; the least quantity assignable. Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one title shall in no wise pass from the law till all shall be fulfilled. Mat 5. A man may read much, and acquire not a jot of knowledge, or be a jot the wiser. JOT, v.t. To set down; to make a memorandum of.

Judge - JUDGE, n. [L. judex, supposed to be compounded of jus, law or right, and dico, to pronounce.] 1. A civil officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine causes, civil or criminal, between parties, according to his commission; as the judges of the king's bench, or of the common pleas; judges of the supreme court, of district courts, or of a county court. The judge of a court of equity is called a chancellor. 2. The Supreme Being. Shall not the judge of all the earth do right? Gen 18. 3. One who presides in a court of judicature. 4. One who has skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the value of any thing; one who can discern truth and propriety. A man who is no judge of law, may be a good judge of poetry or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. 5. In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, with civil and military powers. The Israelites were governed by judges more than three hundred years, and the history of their transactions is called the book of Judges. 6. A juryman or juror. In criminal suits, the jurors are judges of the law as well as of the fact. JUDGE, v.i. [L. judico.] 1. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to distinguish truth from falsehood. Judge not according to the appearance John 7. 2. To form an opinion; to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the mind. If I did not know the originals, I should not be able to judge, by the copies, which was Virgil and which Ovid. 3. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to pass sentence. He was present on the bench, but could not judge in the case. The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen 16. 4. To discern; to distinguish; to consider accurately for the purpose of forming an opinion or conclusion. Judge in yourselves; is it comely that a woman pray unto God uncovered? 1 Cor 11. JUDGE, v.t. To hear and determine a case; to examine and decide. Chaos shall judge the strife. 1. To try; to examine and pass sentence on. Take ye him and judge him according to your law. John 18. God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl 3. 2. Rightly to understand and discern. He that is spiritual, judgeth all things. 1 Cor 2. 3. To censure rashly; to pass severe sentence. Judge not, that ye be not judged. Mat 7. 4. To esteem; to think; to reckon. If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord-- Acts 16. 5. To rule or govern. The Lord shall judge his people. Heb 10. 6. To doom to punishment; to punish. I will judge thee according to thy ways. Ezek 7.

Judgment - JUDG'MENT, n. The act of judging; the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to find their agreement or disagreement, and to ascertain truth; or the process of examining facts and arguments, to ascertain propriety and justice; or the process of examining the relations between one proposition and another. 1. The faculty of the mind by which man is enabled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms and propositions; as a man of clear judgment or sound judgment. The judgment may be biased by prejudice. Judgment supplies the want of certain knowledge. 2. The determination of the mind, formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or the comparison of facts and arguments. In the formation of our judgments, we should be careful to weigh and compare all the facts connected with the subject. 3. In law, the sentence of doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by the judge or court by which it is tried. Judgment may be rendered on demurrer, on a verdict, on a confession or default, or on a non-suit. Judgment, though pronounced by the judge or court, is properly the determination or sentence of the law. A pardon may be pleaded in arrest of judgment. 4. The right or power of passing sentence. 5. Determination; decision. Let reason govern us in the formation of our judgment of things proposed to our inquiry. 6. Opinion; notion. She, in my judgment, was as fair as you. 7. In Scripture, the spirit of wisdom and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and wrong, good and evil. Give the king thy judgments, O God. Psa 72. 8. A remarkable punishment; an extraordinary calamity inflicted by God on sinners. Judgments are prepared for scorners. Prov 19. Isa 26. 9. The spiritual government of the world. The Father hath committed all judgment to the Son. John 5. 10. The righteous statutes and commandments of God are called his judgments. Psa 119. 11. The doctrines of the gospel, or God's word. Mat 12. 12. Justice and equity. Luke 11. Isa 1. 13. The decrees and purposes of God concerning nations. Rom 11. 14. A court or tribunal. Mat 5. 15. Controversies, or decisions of controversies. 1 Cor 6. 16. The gospel, or kingdom of grace. Mat 12. 17. The final trial of the human race,when God will decide the fate of every individual, and award sentence according to justice. For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. Eccl 12. Judgment of God. Formerly this term was applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, or hot plowshares, &c.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence.

Jump - JUMP, v.i. 1. To leap; to skip; to spring. Applied to men, it signifies to spring upwards or forwards with both feet, in distinction from hop, which signifies to spring with one foot. A man jumps over a ditch; a beast jumps over a fence. A man jumps upon a horse; a goat jumps from rock to rock. 2. To spring over any thing; to pass to at a leap. Here, upon this bank and shelve of time, We'd jump the life to come. We see a little, presume a great deal, and so jump to the conclusion. 3. To bound; to pass from object to object; to jolt. The noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the prancing horses, and of the jumping chariots. Nahum 3. 4. To agree; to tally; to coincide. In some sort it jumps with my humor. [This use of the word is now vulgar, and in America, I think, is confined to the single phrase, to jump in judgment. JUMP, v.t. To pass by a leap; to pass over eagerly or hastily; as, to jump a stream. [But over is understood.] JUMP, n. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound. 1. A lucky chance. JUMP, n. A kind of loose or limber stays or waistcoat, worn by females. JUMP, adv. Exactly; nicely.